Beat Magazine - April 1997 By Anya McCoy Transcribed by Michael Turner for the Reggae Obsession column This is the first interview with Donald Manning done in many years, and the first to appear in an American publication. Donald Manning -The Original Abyssinian This is it, originally: Dina Exhabier Y Mas Gan. from "Mabrak" by The Abyssinians Among the many spiritual artists in Jamaican music, none has seemed more elusive and enigmatic than the Abyssinians (who were Bernard Collins, Donald Manning, Linford Manning). Perhaps it was the photographs of their grave visages topped by bright red turbans. Or the gorgeous harmonies sung with relaxed fervor, conveying messages of devotion and protest in a dense patois sprinkled with Amheric phrases. Or the lasting impression by their very first recording, "Satta Massa Ganna", which still seems to lie in closest proximity to the source of inspiration that has since given rise to thousands of Jamaican spiritual songs. Adding to their mystique is the fact that little has been heard from the Abyssinians in the past two decades. One could easily imagine them living in some remote enclave high in the Jamaican mountains, but the truth is more mundane. While Bernard Collins continued to work as a musician in Jamaica, the Manning brothers have long since removed themselves to America, working such jobs as racetrack groom and long-distance truck driver. In the past year however, Donald Manning has been edging back to the musical arena. Not only has he released an album of new material called 19.95 + Tax , but a reconfigured group has resumed performing, with appearances in December in Jamaica and at SOB's in New York City. I had an opportunity to talk with Donald Manning after viewing and transcribing a lengthy interview he did with Anya McCoy. What follows is a composite edited from those two sessions. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------ Donald Manning: Satta Massa Ganna was the first song I do. Because at that time I was the only Rastaman (in the Abyssinians), and in that song I was talking about God the "King of Kings and Lord of Lords", is because I was reading about those things. It come out of me. That was my inspiration. My older brother Carlton him teach me to play the guitar, so what I learn is because of Carlton my dear brother. And my smaller brother (Linford) who sing with me in the Abyssinians used to sing with Carlton as Carlton and the Shoes. So it's a far far back where I'm coming from. Q; And you recorded Satta in 1969 at Studio One? DM: Yeah but we didn't do it for Coxsone Dodd , we do it for our own Clinch label which was between Donald Manning, Linford Manning and Bernard Collins. We did that record for ourselves, it cost us ninety-one pound to do it. My brother Carlton was playing guitar at Studio One there, and get together with some of the musicians and bring them around my house, because then I was living most ten to fifteen minutes walk from Coxsone Dodd studio. So we get together, and Carlton tell each of them what they was going to play. On the song I play bongo drum, I play bass (drum), Bongo Herman play repeater (drum), and Bongo Les play funday (drum). Leroy Sibbles play bass and Richard Ace play piano. Fay play the drums and Don D Junior was on the trombone. Me and Linford was singing the harmony and Bernard sang the lead. So we undermine Coxsone at that time, because Coxsone never know we was going to record the song there. And when we did the record in the studio Sylvan Morris (sound engineer at Studio One) ask what is the name of this tune. I say; "Satta Massa Ganna", and Bernard Collins say: "No. Far Far Away". And Sylvan Morris say: "What's the name of the group?", and I say "Abyssinians". And Sylvan Morris write it down. So the song went out as "Far Far Away" by the Abyssinians. First, it never make no headway until 1970 it start pick up and 1971 when it start selling. So it's two year from when we put the song out (to when) it start selling. We name Satta Massa Ganna now and it start selling. It never sell as "Far Far Away". The second song we sing was "Yim Mas Gan" and then "Declaration of Rights" and then we did a lot of songs from there. (Note: "Declaration of Rights" can be heard on our very own Sound of The Beat compilation.) Before this Carlton and the Shoes recorded a song name "Happy Land". And it's the same words as we sing in "Satta Massa Ganna",. I never know that. Because Bernard sing the first line in "Satta Massa Ganna" and I sing the second line, and when I do that I run up to my house because my brother was at my house and I get a pen and we start writing in the dark. But my brother sing a song name "Happy Land". It say: "There is a land far far away, Where there's no night, there's only day, And if you live in righteousness You'll see that land, far far away." That's the song my brother sing." Satta Mass Ganna" say: "There is a land far far away, Where there's no night, there's only day, Look into the Book of Life, and you will see That there's a land, far far away." Same thing. Just put in a different way, y'understand? At the same time we never know that was cheating on my brother. And we have one hell in di yard! Because we did a song and Bernard come in there and want to steal my brother's song all the time. And my brother was going to fight him in the yard, Linford and me the two of us have to stop my bigger brother from fight Bernard. Bernard stop coming to our house and we go to Bernard house so we can keep on singing as Abyssinians Q: There have been lots of versions of Satta over the years. One of the first "Here Comes the Judge" by Peter Tosh, (with the instrumental flipside titled "Ah So") recorded for Joe Gibbs. How did it get over to Joe Gibbs? D: That is not the original, they played that over. We had no control over that. I went to Joe Gibbs because I hear it on the radio. And I go to the studio and ask him and a woman named Chin who used to work for Dynamics, and Joe Gibbs tell her to look in the box mark "Ah So". So she play both sides for me, and I tell her I never wanted to buy, I just wanted to hear the version. And I went home and tell my little brother Linford who we call Skarly, after y'know Boris Karloff cause him have scar like Boris Karloff: "Joe Gibbs make a version of our song." So then we make a new version called "Ah No So". (Also released under the title "Mabrak".) Q: And that was your next version of "Satta". It sort of corrected the Amharic in Satta? D: Yes. When I sing "Ahamlack Satta Massa Ganna" we was giving thanks to God. "Ulaghize" mean continually. But after I did that now I read more Amharic and I know say I was wrong because you can't give thanks to God and say Satta Massa Ganna. When you give thanks to (an) equal, to another man, you say Satta Massa Ganna , but when you give thanks to God you must say Yim Mas Gan. So at the beginning of the song that's my voice saying "You thinka so, a nah so", then "Tenyastillin" that is "greeting", and then "Dina Exhabier Y Mas Gan": "God must be praised." Me and my brother talk about God most of all when we sing. And then I say Satta Massa Ganna. Me and my brother write that down and make that the first reggae chant. Q: For the most part the Abyssinians recorded for themselves. Why didn't you record for any producers like say, Lee Perry? D: Well, we wanted to record for Lee Perry but you had to go through too much red tape. But those (producers) are some wicked men! Coxsone's a bad man that beat you man. He'll beat you and you have to go out of studio and run away. And him have policemen he pay money to, and you know say if you don't run away they'll beat you too! Coxsone was the only one who would beat you but they would all rob you. The one who would pay you the most money yet he would rob you was Mr. Kong (owner of Beverley's Records). Those times was uncivilized times y'know. When you write a song and catch a man, him bring you a paper to sign. And when you sign a paper you sign away your rights cause you can't read to know what is on there. Or if you can read you can't have the understanding to know what the fine print say to you. That's why Coxsone get so much money, because most of the people who sing for Coxsone, he own the song dem. Like when I came to America in 1984, some of the songs on 19.95 + Tax, I took them to Joe Gibbs and tell him: "Sir I would like help to finish the album." Him say if I say him write the songs dem, him would finish it for me. If I give him my rights. And I just say: "Ok Mr. Gibbs.", and I never go back to him. Man, those man are some wicked man! Q: Why did you choose the name Abyssinians? D: From I was a boy I work at the race track, Knotsford Park - where the Sheraton is now. They close it down when a jockey die on the track. And I even learn about Rastafari from race-horse stable. Because a man name Mortimer Planno used to come there with a next man name Ras Dizzy and them used to tell us about Rastafari, reasoning in the back of the stable there. At that time I was reading the Bible and reading a lot of books because a man name Sylvan Marks him used to bring books and sell. He used to teach Amharic where I was living. So I used to have access to Ethiopian knowledge pertaining to the language and the culture, and I used to go by Mortimer Planno and learn there. And a professor from Ethiopia name Ephraim Isaac came to Mortimer Planno and brought a lot of tapes of Amharic interpreted in English so we started to learn it from there. So when you ask why the name at that time I knew that Abyssinians was Ethiopians. I used to do a song called "The Good Lord Sent Me from Zion" (which) I learn from Mortimer Planno's house. We do that song as "Forward to Zion" on our first album. And another song that we have on the first album, "Good Lord", well me and Morty Planno write it, Morty write most of those lyrics. Rita Marley used to sing that song y'know. Because Morty Planno used to write a lot of songs and give them to artists to sing. Alton Ellis. Ken Boothe. The Wailers sing a lot of song that Morty Planno write too, 'cause they used to live at Morty Planno's house. Because I used to go down there with Bob Marley, Bunny Wailer and Peter Tosh. Johnny Nash would come down there and all kind of man from foreign country. The whole of us was around there in the night, play bongo drums, smoke a lot of herb, and we sing praise to God. A lot of different songs. That was the late 50s and early 60s, going right down from early 70s. Because His Majesty Haile Selassie come down 1966, that time we used to be around Mortimer Planno house those times talking Amharic and all those things. When His Majesty come to Jamaica, we hold a Amharic banner with Ethiopian language on there. So we have those knowledge a long time ago and it really hurt to see how you put yourself in it and some man reap and you don't get anything. Because I went to London and a group name Matumbi demsing my song and make hit from it. "Satta Massa Ganna." And I don't get any money. From I live it from those early times I never get one thousand dollar from that song. \ Q: But you do get royalties. D: Yes. I get $300, then I get $250. And next time I get $50 and next time I get $45. These things is stupidness. We signed that record to Chris Blackwell and Blackwell have publishing right so if we get $1000, Chris Blackwell get $500 and the three of us get $500. Because he ask my permission to make Third World did that song, that was one of Third World biggest songs them days. But listen, there's a lot of robbery going on. When we went to Europe in '79 someone was selling our album, and when you go to check on them to find out what was going on they carry you around and take you around a maze, and you end up right back in the middle where you start from. But listen - the royalty what you get from the songs it come like stupidness. If me and Bernard and one more person go to Europe and sing, the money that I earn in seven days I couldn't work that in America in two months. I mean manual labor. I once go to France and sing one night and get one thousand pounds. And I leave and go to Marcus Garvey Center in Nottingham and earn some more. In seven days me earn two thousand pounds. I rather got to Europe than sing in America here because you have too much competition in America. And them don't recognize you. Q: But you are performing still with your brother Carlton as the Abyssinians. What has happened to the original line-up? D: Listen, there's a lot of things going on right now. When three musicians start something from scratch there was no thinking of money. it was thinking about God and Rastafari, by reading the Bible and books directly from Ethiopia that shows say Selassie name Conquering Lion of the Tribe of Judah, is Jesus Christ in this time. And up to now I don't let go of that. So whenwe was in those times and we have one cake the whole of us break it down, and we have one joint of cane everyone eat it, one glass of water everyone sip it, one spliff, everyone draw it, one pipe everyone draw it. And now my brethren named Bernard get two more man and call them the New Abyssinians. And the original Abyssinian is right here! Because I don't die. And my brother is still alive. But how you can form a new Abyssinians? I don't know how much Abyssinians you gonna have. We do some good work and we don't want to put down what we did before. We want more equality with what is going on, if me and my brother and Bernard put something together, it doesn't seem right to go with two other person and I'm still alive! All of us used to say Rastafari together. The whole of us used to sup the same cup, eat out of the same pot, and him know how this thing come together and now him by himself and form something with some more man who look him a favor or something. But it's a long story still because I do him hurt and still him do me hurt, but at the same time that still don't clarify what going on. But we been working so long, since 1969, now we're supposed to reap what we supposed to reap! A payday is going to come! Sing with me and one more person, because we are the original, and we have a better fun and more crowd. Q: So you're not singing with Bernard these days as the Abyssinians. D: I would like to. Q: And your brother Linford doesn't sing with the Abyssinians any longer? D: Him don't want to sing anymore. He's a born-again Christian and he only want to sing in the church. But y'know he's not a man to send out bad vibes . My little brother him say (if) he could make one million dollar and (still) he wouldn't sing reggae with us. And him work hard, sometimes six days a week most of the time. But he is the man with the trades, he have a lot of skill. More than me and Bernard believe me, my little brother he don't have to sing to really make money. . But if my brother say he don't want to sing I never claim say I don't want to sing. Q: Now you've mentioned your brother Carlton, what's he doing now? D: He want to come up here because he have a new album and he want to come up here and press some. Carlton is very good y'know, him sing all the harmonies. Him teach us. And he plays guitar, after Ernest Ranglin left Studio One, Carlton play there for eighteen months. At the same time my brother Carlton had "Love Me Forever" as a number one hit in Jamaica and Coxsone would not pay him. So I wouldn't sing for Coxsone because I know he was a robber. (Note: the third member of Carlton and the Shoes was the late Alexander Henry.) Q: And you mentioned another brother. D: My next brother bury Bob Marley y'know. My brother bury Peter Tosh and Jacob Miller also. Him name was Estefanos. Him die now. Him was one of the head priests of Ethiopian Orthodox Church in Jamaica. He was older than Carlton and Carlton was older than me but at the same time I was still seeing Rastafari before them. (Note: Estifanos also made one recording, "Conquering Lion of Judah" as Deacon Estifanos and the Faithful, on the Sounds Divine label.) Q: Now you have a new album called "19.95 + Tax". Some of them are older tracks and some are new? D: Yes it's a very good album. Well let me tell you now. We used two or three of those older riddims, like one (track) name "Wolves", that was "Abendigo", we just take off some of the instruments and put on some other instruments. And some of the songs we did them in London in 1989. And there's a song there name "In A Kalda". I come to America in 1991 and I work at Calder Racetrack for four years and write that song there, . I get a lot of inspiration when I'm around the horses. And also a song "Holy Man", which I want you to play on your radio show, it tell what all those priests did to those kids. When the priests molest the kids dem, they move them from one church to a next one. They don't send them to jail, and they don't stop them from being a priest. Q: And your sons play on your cd? D: Yeah my son play drums and play for all a these tracks here. My sons dem play all of the instruments dem. So I'm not in a position to fret about musician. I have them. I have some sons so that when I go into the studio I don't have to pay musicians. All I need is money to buy the tape and to pay the studio time and floppy disc. Because I have three sons. One play bass, one play drum, and one plays keyboard. Three of them sometimes play for Chakademus and Pliers. A little while ago one just come in the country here which is Prince - the one that plays drum. Him play for Bunny Wailer. Him play for Ini Kamoze. Him play for Kotch. Him play for Screwdriver. Q: How is it that you're living in Miami? D: Well it just happen that way and I have to live with that. I work at the Calder Racetrack since 1991. Well you see in Jamaica, if you're in Jamaica your life is in jeopardy. Me remember one time we never have crack, never know the name crack, we were smoking weed and ganga pipe smoking the most herb. We never know about heroin and crack and speed and all them kind of things. See these times gunman just come round the corner and shoot you. And we have a lot of people back in Jamaica and these people want your money and just kill you. Q: The same as in America. D: No. You more safe in America than Jamaica. To me. Here, you supposed to have a gun in your house. This place here, you supposed to have a gun for protection. That's what America is for. You're supposed to have a shotgun in the house. Don't you know that? What's in the National Anthem in this country? The part that says: "The land of the free and the home of the brave." That mean you have to be brave to be living here! Yeah. Q: What were some of your early musical influence? D: I go out to the racetrack stable as I tell you from when I was twelve years old. When I'm around the horses a meditation I get with singing. I don't know where it come from. Even in 1991 I go back to the racetrack and I go in there and I make about four or five songs and I record two. So the inspiration come when I'm around the horses. Believe what I'm telling you. And from when I'm a little boy. As boys we come together and in the night time we sing. So we try to compete with each other to see who can do the best. Q: Doo-wop? Acapella? D: You could call it acapella cause we don't have no instruments at the time. Q: What would you sing? D: Well, Nat King Cole and Billy Eckstein and Bing Crosby and all those man. Fred Astaire and all those guys we used to watch them. And we get inspiration from rock and roll. Rhythm and blues. And all of those music coming up in '50s inspire us. But at the same time my dear brother Carlton has give me lot of inspiration too. Q: Tell me a little bit more about the day His Majesty came to Jamaica. D: Well, I ride a bicycle from West Road, that was where Toots and the Maytals used to be around, and I ride my bicycle from west Road to Port Royal. Q: A long ride. D: Yeah. But it was nice. And I hit up on a next man on my bicycle, and six of my bicycle spokes cut out, and I catch a truck and put my bicycle in and ride out. But, rain was falling before he came and everybody was wet and a flock of white bird was coming from the East, flying to the West. And then the rain hold off, and then we see the plane coming. And when the plane hit the ground, the sun get hot and everyone all get dry, as I'm telling you. Q: A big crowd? D: Man it was the most people I ever see from I born! And them take over the airport. Rastaman go on top of the place and take down every flag that was there and put up pure green, gold and red flag. And when them open the plane I see lightning come out of the plane. But, when His Majesty come, the man them was all around the plane smoking them pipe, some big chillum pipe.. And the plane did not blow up. Y'understand what I mean? But the people what work at the airport, when them see the Rastaman start light them pipe, they start running. All of them run from there, 'cause them say we gwan burn up the place. It was a good day. One of the happiest days I ever have in my life. Q: Do you know if he spoke to any rastamen? D: Mortimer Planno. Because the crowd was around the plane. Everybody was flocking there like when bees swarm. Everybody was right around the plane, and the Governor General, who was Clifford Campbell at the time, 'cause him was the only one go into the plane when the plane stop. And them open the door and His Majesty call and him say Mortimo Planner must go up. Planner go up inside the plane. And Mortimer stand up at the door of the plane and just put him hand - did you see the show "Ten Commandments"? When Moses stretch forth his hand towards the sea and the sea part in two? And Mortimo just put his arms out and say His Majesty want to come off the plane now, and the people just step one side. And nobody see no dog come off the plane. And when he reach King's House, he had a dog. The dog was jumping on him and the assistant Prime Minister him said to His Majesty: "Whose dog?." Because the dog was jumping up and H.M. was playing with him, and H.M. say to him: "Anywhere I go, Lulu goes." And the assistant, Donald Sangster say: "They shouldn't bring a dog in the country! The dog should get spray!" And Donald Sangster don't smoke and His Majesty give Donald Sangster a cigarette lighter in the shape of a coffin. And a couple of days later, Donald Sangster die. And His Majesty when he went to Sheraton Hotel, he sent them to ask a rasta man, why he wear dreadlocks on him head. That rastaman was name Brother Wallace. And Brother Wallace refer him to Numbers 7: it tell you about the rastaman that don't trim him hair and him don't do a lot of things that pagans Q: Tell me more about Mortimer Planno. I assume that he's passed away now. D: No, I don't think so. Because last I heard he was living in the Ethiopian Church up by Maxwell Avenue. He's older than me. A lot. Because he's a man who can move around though still, but those men used to smoke herb very hard y'know. And when you smoke too hard it damage up your lungs, when you smoke pipe it take a lot of smoke to your lungs, but from what I know he's still moving around. He ws a man who went to Africa in the 50s, and then come back and was getting the rights for the Rastamen. In them times there was a lot of discrimination. There was a Prime Minister name Bustamonte and his rival was Norman Manley, which was Michael Manley's father. And Norman Manley was the man that sent Marcus Garvey to prison. But, Morty Planner was the man standing up for the rights of the Rastamen, because Bustamonte and Norman Manley come together and say whenever two or three Rastamen stand in a congregation, shoot them and then ask the questions later. And them used to do it out by Coronation Market. Them kill a lot of Rastamen out by there. And shot them, and beat them, and doing them a lot of things. After awhile now every body start stand up for them right, and led by Morty Planno. He's actually from Cuba but he grow in Jamaica.. A lot of dignitaries used to come to his house, all kind of different man, because he was very educated. He was a great leader. Q: What do you think the future holds for you? D: Right now Eastern philosophy is seven years behind Western philosophy. So when the year 2000 come we going to have seven more years to look into ourself to know that each man must know what him want, where him going. Because the Earth going to shake for one hour! Man going to shake to and fro just like a junkie man - and if you're not with God you're going to die. But,The Conquering Lion of the Tribe of Judah, the Root of David even Jesus Christ, which is His Imperial Majesty Haile Selassie I, which is Alpha and Omega, which the Bible say: "If you say Christ come in the flesh He is of God, and if you say he is not of the flesh he is not of God'. That is why I have to hold onto His Imperial Majesty and praise Selassie I. Let me tell you now what an Ethiopian man say when Morty Planno and some brethren ask if Selassie is the Almighty God. The man say: "No I don't say that. But I know lightning come out of His palace!" If them say lightning come out of His Palace, him control lightning! When His Majesty come to Jamaica and the plane doors open I see lightning come out of the plane! I take my eyes and see that. Nobody can tell me. I know. And I know who His Imperial Majesty Haile Selassie I is. If they want to kill me for saying that I'm going to keep on saying He is Jesus Christ. To me. …………………………………………………….. The Many Versions of Satta In 1969, when "Satta Massa Ganna" was first recorded, carefree dance music was the order of the day: Lee Perry was recording skinhead classics like "Clint Eastwood", the Maytals were high in the charts with "Monkey Man" and "Pressure Drop", while upstart producer Bunny Lee was challenging the hegemony of Coxsone Dodd and Duke Reid with his transatlantic hit "Wet Dream", sung by Max Romeo. Amidst so much merrymaking, it's not surprising that a dread song like "Satta" dropped immediately from sight. It would take a couple of years, and a great downturn in national fortunes, before Satta's spiritual themes and Africanized musical elements made it one of Jamaican music's most influential works. One measure of this influence is the large number of spin-off tunes it engendered, a quick scan of this list shows the many great artists who gave it expression. Abyssinians, Mabrak (Abyssinians) Abyssinians, Satta Massa Ganna (Abyssinians) Richard Ace, Charming Version (Abyssinians) Beverley Bailey, I was In Love (Joe Gibbs) Big Joe, In The Ghetto (Bunny Lee) Big Joe, Satta In the Palace (Bunny Lee) Big Youth, Dreader Than Dread (Abyssinians) Big Youth, Give Praises (Michael Buchanan) Big Youth, I Pray Thee (Abyssinians) Bongo Herman, Thunderstorm (Abyssinians) Cedric "Im" Brooks, Satta Massa Ganna (Herman Chin Loy) Cedric "Im" Brooks, Satta (Coxsone Dodd) Al Campbell, Jah Army (Joe Joe Hoo Kim) Johnny Clarke, Satta (Bunny Lee) Destroyers, Ah So (Joe Gibbs) Dillinger, Addis Ababa Ethiopia (Bunny Lee) Dillinger, I Saw E Saw (Abyssinians) Dillinger, Three Fifty Four (Ossie Hibbert) Don Carlos, Satta Massagana (Bunny Lee) Clint Eastwood - Faith Moves Mountains (Joe Joe Hoo Kim) I Roy, I Pray Thee (Joe Gibbs) I Roy, It A Go Dread (Bunny Lee) I Roy, Satta (Bunny Lee) I Roy, Wicked Eat Dirt (Niney) Jah Lion, Sata, (Lee Perry) Jah Satta, Satta Me No Born Yah (Abyssinians) Jah Scotchie, Man of Creation (Coxsone Dodd) Tommy McCook, Mandella (Abyssinians) Freddy McGregor, Rasta Have Faith (Niney) Freddie McGregor - Satta (Freddie McGregor) Jackie Mittoo, Night In Ethiopia (Coxsone Dodd) Nitty Gritty, Down In the Ghetto (King Jammy) Michael Palmer, Hold Me (King Jammy) Augustus Pablo, Pablo Satta (Augustus Pablo) Augustus Pablo & Jah Butty, Silent Satta (Augustus Pablo) Prince Buster, Satta Massa Ganna (Prince Buster) Prince Far I, Armagideon (Prince Far I) Prince Far I, Commandments of Drugs (Prince Far I) Prince Far I, Deck Of Cards (Joe Gibbs) Prince Far I, Deck Of Life (Prince Far I) Prince Far I, Psalm 2 (Lloydie Slim) Prince Far I, Wisdom (Abyssinians) Prince Far I & The Arabs, Homeward Bound (Prince Far I) Prince Jazzbo, Prophet Live (Lee Perry) Prince Muhammed, Money Man The Gal Want (Joe Gibbs) Prince Muhammed, Owner Fe Di Yard (Harry J) Prophets, Sattamassagana (Yaba Yu) Peter Ranking & General Lucky, Black Am I (Don Mais) Leroy Smart, Jah Is My Light (Niney) Leroy Smart, Life Is a Funny Thing (Bunny Lee) Rod Taylor, True History (Don Mais) Third World, Satta Massa Ganna (Third World) Peter Tosh, Here Comes The Judge (Joe Gibbs) Tony Tuff, Cool It (Coxsone Dodd) Trinity, Sams (Bunny Lee) Upsetters, Prophet Dub (Lee Perry) Viceroys, Shadrack, Meshach and Abendego (Coxsone Dodd) Wayne Wade, Man Of The Living (Yaba Yu) Winston Wright, Rebeloution (Joe Gibbs) Tappa Zuckie, Satta (Tappa Zuckie) Peace, Anya Visit my webpages: http://extra.newsguy.com/~herblady